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SPA Frameworks – A Comparison Between Angular, React, and Vue

Angular vs React vs Vue

With the change of the World Wide Web towards the phenomenon of Web 2.0, the Internet has been continuously developed and supplemented over the years by new innovative technologies, which from now on increasingly rely on user experience (UX) and try to move user interaction more and more into the center of the action.

As a result, in addition to the further development of the Internet, there was also a change in applications, which from now on should pursue the purpose of becoming increasingly interactive. Desktop applications have gradually been replaced by the classic web applications and these in turn by the so-called “Rich Internet Applications” (RIAs), which serve as the current standard for web applications. RIAs try to combine the ease of use, the speed of reaction, and the offline capability of desktop applications with the availability and easy installation of a web application to achieve a better UX.

A special form of RIAs that implements these conditions particularly well and is already used by companies such as Facebook, Google, or Instagram is the so-called “Single-Page Application” (SPA). With the single-page principle, there is no longer a complete page change, as is customary with traditional web applications, but only a change in the user interface, which leads to a direct reaction to user input while reducing the waiting time. Since in SPAs, in contrast to classic web applications, the business logic that is implemented using JavaScript is on the client-side, the complexity increases on this, which makes the creation more time-consuming and difficult for the developer.

To counteract this complexity and to facilitate the development of SPAs, an important tool called the SPA Framework has established itself over the years, which provides the developer with a programming framework, consisting of libraries including their functionalities and methods, to help him implement support from SPAs. Due to the continuous change of the web described at the beginning, in addition to web applications, SPA frameworks are constantly being renewed and improved. In the meantime, this has led to rather confusing web development. To counteract this problem, three of the most popular SPA frameworks should now be presented and evaluated based on predefined requirements.

Angular

The open source framework Angular, published by Google in 2016, was developed with the aim of increasingly positioning itself not only for the creation of websites but also for the area of ​​cross-platform development. An important aspect of Angular is therefore the platform independence, through which the framework can be addressed on several platforms such as on the desktop or the smartphone. Platform independence is also one of the most important characteristics of SPAs.

Angular uses a component-based architecture that guarantees a high level of reusability of components in the entire application and impresses with both high code quality and high performance, which is sometimes due to hierarchical dependency injection or Angular Universal. In addition, Angular uses server-side pre-rendering, which ensures that all search engines have access to the application’s content and that social media apps can display the site previews correctly.

Angular’s weaknesses are, on the one hand, the decreasing community support, which is sometimes noticeable in both the learning interest and user satisfaction rates, and, on the other hand, the steep learning curve, which is due to the complexity and detail of the framework.

In summary, Angular is ideally designed for enterprise-level applications. This is due both to TypeScript, whose tooling provides advanced auto-completion, navigation, and refactoring services and to the exhaustiveness of the SPA framework, which entails a long learning curve and a lot of investment in time.

Strengths

  • Platform independence
  • Component-based architecture
  • Typescript
  • Google Long-Term Support

Weaknesses

  • Community support
  • complexity
  • steep learning curve

React

In contrast to Angular, which provides an efficient SPA framework, a JavaScript open source library including JSX compiler was developed with React, which is mainly oriented towards the user interface and enables reusable components to be created. React offers a UI-focused solution that ultimately offers users a very responsive and smooth loading surface.

After the JavaScript library was released as an open source tool in 2013, it quickly enjoyed great popularity due to its revolutionary approach to programming user interfaces. React is not only backed by the internet giant Facebook, but also by a steadily growing community with an immense pace of development. React solutions are on the one hand SEO-friendly and on the other hand offer high performance and flexibility through the use of the Virtual DOM. Programming for the developer is also both accurate and convenient thanks to the reusability of components and the unidirectional data flow, which ensures the stability of the program code.

Despite the fact that React has a relatively high learning curve due to the multitude of React tools, according to many developers it still makes app development easy and understandable and is perfect for creating an advanced, modern user interface.

However, since React is just a JavaScript library, it should be noted that it is better suited for developing smaller applications, as it can be difficult to select and assemble the right tools for large web applications using React.

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